"The community treatment parameter estimate was significant (?=?0.51, p=0.026), indicating that community-level treatment lowered the propensity to use marijuana at the last measurement occasion over and above the effect of the 'Above the Influence' campaign. There was no evidence that school-level treatment affected the marijuana use at the last measurement occasion. Neither the community-level nor the school-level treatment for the 'Be Under Your Own Influence' campaign provided evidence of an effect on the linear rate-of-change for marijuana use.

"The extent of exposure to the ONDCP 'Above the Influence' campaign (RQ1) was assessed by cross-tabulating the measures of self-reported exposure to this campaign with each of the four treatment/control cells at the fourth wave of data collection, the point by which such exposure would have taken place for all study participants. Of youth in the control community/control school cell, 73% said they definitely had seen the ONDCP 'Above the Influence' campaign. The self-reported exposure to the ONDCP campaign was similar in the three treatment cells (68–79%).

"The media campaign was authorized by the Drug-Free Media Campaign Act of 1998.² This law, less than two pages in length, instructed the Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy (commonly referred to as the 'Drug Czar') to 'conduct a national media campaign ...

"A well-designed and executed multiyear study of the impact of the ONDCP [Office of National Drug Control Policy] anti-drug media campaign on teen initiation of drug use, or cessation of drug use, shows disappointing results for the campaign. The study provides no evidence that the campaign had a positive effect in relation to teen drug use, and shows some indications of a negative impact."

Regarding the federal Anti-Drug Media Campaign, an independent report by Westat and the Annenberg School found that: "Overall, the results are mixed. Some positive trends in youth outcomes occurred over the period covered by NSPY, though evidence linking them to Campaign exposure is weak. In particular, the proportion of nonusing youth saying they would “definitely not” try marijuana over the next 12 months was significantly higher in 2004 than in 2002, the last year prior to the redirected Campaign, which included the Marijuana and Early Intervention Initiatives.

Regarding exposure to ONDCP's National Anti-Drug Media Campaign and marijuana use by 12-18 year olds, a report prepared for NIDA by Westat and the Annenberg School of Communication determined: "In sum, the data do not support claims of favorable Campaign influence on any of the four original cognitive outcomes.