Related Chapters:
HIV-AIDS and Injection Drug Use [1]
Hepatitis C [2]
Syringe and Needle Exchange Programs [3]
Supervised Injection Facilities [4]
(Persons Living with AIDS, by Race) According to the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), at year-end 2010 there were an estimated total of 499,167 persons living with a diagnosed HIV infection ever classified as stage 3 (AIDS) in the US and 6 dependent territories. Of these, 1,697 were American Indian/Alaska Native, 5,384 were Asian, 209,707 were Black/African-American, 110,778 were Hispanic/Latino, 499 were Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 162,308 were White, and 8,700 were multiple races.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2011, "Rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by area of residence, 2011—United States and 6 dependent areas"; Vol. 23, Table 18b, pp. 66-67. Published February 2013. Accessed May 21, 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_2... [5]
Persons Living with Diagnosed HIV Infection Ever Classified as Stage 3 (AIDS), by Race/Ethnicity and Gender, Year-End 2010 - United States and 6 Dependent Areas |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian/ Alaska Native |
Asian | Black/ African-American |
Hispanic/ Latino |
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander |
White | Multiple Races |
Total | |
| Transmission Category | ||||||||
| Male Adult or Adolescent | ||||||||
| Male-to-Male Sexual Contact | 778 | 3,467 | 68,518 | 50,518 | 329 | 110,850 | 3,823 | 238,339 |
| Injection Drug Use | 166 | 241 | 30,561 | 18,992 | 19 | 10,700 | 1,054 | 61,745 |
| Male-to-Male Sexual Contact and Injection Drug Use | 239 | 226 | 11,026 | 6,390 | 28 | 13,470 | 737 | 32,120 |
| Heterosexual Contact | 99 | 471 | 26,875 | 9,853 | 29 | 5,434 | 633 | 43,401 |
| Perinatal | 5 | 10 | 1,399 | 561 | 1 | 267 | 44 | 2,288 |
| Other | 12 | 59 | 531 | 337 | 3 | 1,293 | 37 | 2,272 |
| Subtotal | 1,299 | 4,474 | 138,909 | 86,652 | 409 | 142,015 | 6,328 | 380,164 |
| Female Adult or Adolescent | ||||||||
| Injection Drug use | 137 | 94 | 18,968 | 6,949 | 17 | 7,487 | 825 | 34,481 |
| Heterosexual Contact | 242 | 742 | 49,423 | 16,292 | 65 | 12,049 | 1,467 | 80,289 |
| Perinatal | 8 | 7 | 1,490 | 568 | 3 | 275 | 50 | 2,402 |
| Other> | 9 | 61 | 611 | 230 | 3 | 431 | 19 | 1,365 |
| Subtotal | 396 | 904 | 70,492 | 24,038 | 88 | 20,242 | 2,362 | 118,538 |
| Child (<13 Years at End of Year) | ||||||||
| Perinatal | 1 | 5 | 295 | 84 | 2 | 47 | 10 | 444 |
| Other | 1 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 18 |
| Subtotal | 2 | 6 | 306 | 87 | 2 | 49 | 10 | 463 |
| Total | 1,697 | 5,384 | 209,707 | 110,778 | 499 | 162,308 | 8,700 | 499,167 |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2011, "Rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by area of residence, 2011—United States and 6 dependent areas"; Vol. 23, Table 18b, pp. 66-67. Published February 2013. Accessed May 21, 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_2... [6]
(Rates of Diagnoses of Stage 3 HIV (AIDS), by Race/Ethnicity, 2011) "From 2008 through 2011, rates for Asians, Hispanics/Latinos, whites, and persons of multiple races decreased. The rates for American Indians/Alaska Natives, blacks/African Americans, and Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders remained stable. In 2011, the rates were 41.6 for blacks/African Americans, 12.9 for persons of multiple races, 12.2 for Hispanics/ Latinos, 9.3 for Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders, 6.4 for American Indians/Alaska Natives, 4.2 for whites, and 3.3 for Asians. Data for Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders should be interpreted with caution because numbers are small."
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2011, "Rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by area of residence, 2011—United States and 6 dependent areas"; Vol. 23, p. 7. Published February 2013. Accessed May 21, 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_2... [7]
(Persons Living with HIV, by Race) According to the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), at year-end 2010 there were an estimated total of 891,857 persons living with an HIV diagnosis in the US states and 6 dependent territories. Of these, 3,195 were American Indian/Alaska Native, 9,746 were Asian, 383,712 were Black/African-American, 183,486 were Hispanic/Latino, 910 were Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, 295,545 were White, and 14,499 were multiple races.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2011, "Rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by area of residence, 2011—United States and 6 dependent areas"; Vol. 23, Table 17b, pp. 62-63. Published February 2013. Accessed May 21, 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_2... [8]
|
Year-End 2010 - United States and 6 Dependent Areas |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| American Indian/ Alaska Native |
Asian | Black/ African-American |
Hispanic/ Latino |
Native Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander |
White | Multiple Races |
Total | |
| Transmission Category | ||||||||
| Male Adult or Adolescent | ||||||||
| Male-to-Male Sexual Contact | 1,518 | 6,468 | 134,816 | 88,279 | 605 | 205,239 | 6,766 | 444,092 |
| Injection Drug Use | 259 | 355 | 45,812 | 27,459 | 31 | 16,449 | 1,425 | 91,868 |
| Male-to-Male Sexual Contact and Injection Drug Use |
382 | 329 | 16,815 | 9,263 | 46 | 21,696 | 1,080 | 49,672 |
| Heterosexual Contact | 173 | 711 | 46,828 | 15,015 | 47 | 9,303 | 1,007 | 73,121 |
| Perinatal | 8 | 20 | 2,329 | 1,007 | 1 | 519 | 70 | 3,955 |
| Other | 12 | 74 | 835 | 454 | 3 | 1,729 | 51 | 3,164 |
| Subtotal | 2,352 | 7,956 | 247,435 | 141,479 | 733 | 254,935 | 10,400 | 665,872 |
| Female Adult or Adolescent | ||||||||
| Injection Drug Use | 266 | 154 | 30,065 | 10,560 | 33 | 13,388 | 1,214 | 55,735 |
| Heterosexual Contact | 545 | 1,505 | 100,743 | 29,568 | 135 | 25,777 | 2,704 | 161,091 |
| Perinatal | 14 | 16 | 2,601 | 1,007 | 3 | 540 | 84 | 4,268 |
| Other | 11 | 72 | 910 | 329 | 4 | 586 | 30 | 1,947 |
| Subtotal | 836 | 1,746 | 134,319 | 41,464 | 175 | 40,291 | 4,033 | 223,045 |
| Child (<13 Years at End of Year) | ||||||||
| Perinatal | 6 | 33 | 1,711 | 494 | 2 | 268 | 60 | 2,574 |
| Other | 1 | 11 | 246 | 49 | 0 | 49 | 6 | 362 |
| Subtotal | 7 | 44 | 1,957 | 543 | 2 | 317 | 66 | 2,936 |
| Total | 3,195 | 9,746 | 383,712 | 183,486 | 910 | 295,545 | 14,499 | 891,857 |
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. HIV Surveillance Report, 2011, "Rates of diagnoses of HIV infection among adults and adolescents, by area of residence, 2011—United States and 6 dependent areas"; Vol. 23, Table 17b, pp. 62-63. Published February 2013. Accessed May 21, 2013.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_2... [9]
(New HIV Infections Among Youths, by Transmission Method) "In 2010, of the estimated 47,500 new HIV infections, 12,200 (25.7%) were among youths (10,100 [82.8%] among males and 2,100 [17.2%] among females). An estimated 7,000 (57.4%) newly infected youths were blacks/African Americans (5,600 males and 1,400 females), 2,390 (19.6%) were Hispanics/Latinos (2,100 males and 290 females), and 2,380 (19.5%) were whites (2,100 males and 280 females) (Figure 2). By transmission category, 72.1% of all new HIV infections among youths were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 19.8% to heterosexual contact,†† 4.0% to injection drug use, and 3.7% to male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use. Among females, 85.7% of infections were attributed to heterosexual contact and 12.9% to injection drug use. Among males, 87.1% of infections were attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 6.0% to heterosexual contact, 2.2% to injection drug use, and 4.5% to male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use. Of the 8,800 new infections among youths attributed to male-to-male sexual contact, 4,800 (54.4%) were among blacks/African Americans, 1,900 (21.6%) among Hispanics/Latinos, and 1,800 (20.5%) among whites."
Centers for Disease Control, "Vital Signs: HIV Infection, Testing, and Risk Behaviors Among Youths - United States," Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, Vol. 61, No. 47 (Atlanta, GA: CDC, Nov. 30, 2012), p. 972.
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6147a5.htm?s_cid=mm6147a5_w [10]
(Leading Causes of Death Among African-Americans, 2008) According to the US Centers for Disease Control, among African-Americans in the US in 2008 HIV/AIDS was the tenth leading cause of death overall. It was the eight leading cause of death for African-Americans aged 16-19, the sixth leading cause for African-Americans aged 20-24, the fourth leading cause of death for African-Americans aged 25-34, the fourth leading cause of death for African-Americans aged 35-44, the fourth leading cause of death for African-Americans aged 45-54, and the eighth leading cause of death for African-Americans aged 55-64.
Heron, Melonie P., PhD, "Deaths: Leading Causes for 2008," National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 60, No. 6 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, June 6, 2012), p. 32, Table 1.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf [11]
(Leading Causes of Death Among Hispanics, 2008) According to the US Centers for Disease Control, among Hispanics in the US in 2008 HIV/AIDS was the eighth leading cause of death for Hispanics aged 20-24, the sixth leading cause of death among Hispanics aged 25-34, the seventh leading cause for Hispanics aged 35-44, and the seventh leading cause of death for Hispanics aged 45-54.
Heron, Melonie P., PhD, "Deaths: Leading Causes for 2008," National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 60, No. 6 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, June 6, 2012), p. 54-55, Table 2.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf [12]
(Leading Causes of Death for Non-Hispanic Whites, 2008) According to the US Centers for Disease Control, among non-Hispanic Whites in the US in 2008 HIV/AIDS was the ninth leading cause of death for Non-Hispanic Whites aged 35-44.
Heron, Melonie P., PhD, "Deaths: Leading Causes for 2008," National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 60, No. 6 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, June 6, 2012), pp. 61-62, Table 2.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf [13]
(HIV Rates in State and Federal Prisons 2004, by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Age) "Of inmates who reported being tested since admission and reported a result, 1.9% in State prison and 1.1% in Federal prison reported being HIV positive (table 9).
"Among State prisoners who were tested for HIV, female inmates (1.9%) were more likely than male inmates (1.6%) to be HIV positive (table 10). Black non-Hispanic inmates (2.0%) and Hispanic inmates (1.8%) were about twice as likely as white non-Hispanic inmates (1.0%) to report being HIV positive. Among male inmates, 1.9% of black non-Hispanics, 1.8% of Hispanic, and 1.1% of white non-Hispanics said they were HIV positive. Among female inmates, black non-Hispanics (3.4%) and Hispanics (2.7%) were about 6 times as likely as white non-hispanic inmates (.5%) to be HIV positive.
"In Federal prisons 1.0% of male inmates and 1.4% of female inmates reported HIV infection. HIV-positive rates were highest among black non-Hispanic female inmates (2.6%).
In both State and Federal prisons, inmates age 34 or younger had the lowest rates of HIV infection. The highest HIV-positive rates in State prisons were among those age 45 or older and in Federal prisons among those age 35-44 (1.9%)."
Maruschak, Laura M., "HIV in Prisons, 2004" (Washington, DC: US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, Nov. 2006), NCJ213897, p. 9.
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=954 [14]
| AIDS-Related Deaths Among State Prison Inmates 2008-2010 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of AIDS-Related Deaths | |||
| Race/Hispanic | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 21 | 15 | 23 |
| Non-Hispanic African-American | 57 | 70 | 43 |
| Hispanic | 10 | 8 | 5 |
Maruschak, Laura M. "HIV In Prisons, 2001-2010," (Washington, DC: US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics), NCJ 238877, Sept. 2012
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivp10.pdf [15]
(HIV As Leading Cause of Death, By Race, 2003) The Centers for Disease Control reported that in 2003, HIV disease was the 22nd leading cause of death in the US for whites, the 9th leading cause of death for African-Americans, and the 13th leading cause of death for Hispanics.
Heron, Melonie P., PhD, Smith, Betty L., BsED, Division of Vital Statistics, "Deaths: Leading Causes for 2003," National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 55, No. 10 (Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, CDC, March 15, 2007), p. 10, Table E, and p. 12, Table F.
http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_10.pdf [16]
(HIV/AIDS Among African-Americans, 2001)
" More than 165,000 African Americans were living with injection-related AIDS or had already died from it by the end of 2001. Many thousands more were infected with the HIV virus.
" The HIV/AIDS epidemic has fallen much more harshly upon African Americans than on whites who inject drugs. Among those who inject drugs, African Americans are five times as likely as whites to get AIDS.
" 2000, with all the advances in AIDS treatment, AIDS was still among the top three leading causes of death for African Americans aged 25-54 years. More than half of those deaths were caused by contaminated needles."
Dawn Day, Ph.D., Health Emergency 2003: The Spread of Drug-Related AIDS and Hepatitis C Among African Americans and Latinos (The Dogwood Center: Princeton, NJ, 2002), p. i.
(HIV/AIDS Among Latinos, 2001)
" More than 76,000 Latinos living in the United States and Puerto Rico had injection-related AIDS or had already died from it by the end of 2001. Thousands more were infected with the HIV virus.
" The HIV/AIDS epidemic has fallen more harshly upon Latinos than on whites who inject drugs. Among those who inject drugs, Latinos are at least one and a half times as likely as whites to get AIDS.
" In 2000, with all the advances in AIDS treatment, AIDS was still among the top five leading causes of death for Latinos aged 25-54. More than half of those deaths were caused by contaminated needles."
Dawn Day, Ph.D., Health Emergency 2003: The Spread of Drug-Related AIDS and Hepatitis C Among African Americans and Latinos (The Dogwood Center: Princeton, NJ, 2002), p. i.
(HIV in Jails) "Among jail inmates in 2002 who had ever been tested for HIV, Hispanics (2.9%) were more than 3 times as likely as whites (0.8%) and twice as likely as blacks (1.2%) to report being HIV positive."
Maruschak, Laura M. "HIV In Prisons and Jails, 2002," NCJ-205333 (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Dec. 2004), p. 1.
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivpj02.pdf [17]
(AIDS Deaths in Local Jails) "In 2002 the number of AIDS-related deaths in local jails was 42, down from 58 in 2000 (table 11). The rate of AIDS-related deaths was down from 9 per 100,000 inmates in 2000 to 6 per 100,000 in 2002. Of the 42 inmates who died from AIDS-related illnesses in 2002, 38 were male and 4 were female. Those who died from AIDS-related illnesses were most likely black (31 inmate deaths) and between the ages 35 and 44 (21 inmate deaths). Over the 3-year period beginning in 2000, a total of 155 local jail inmates died from AIDS-related causes."
Maruschak, Laura M. "HIV In Prisons and Jails, 2002," NCJ-205333 (Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Dec. 2004), p. 10.
http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivpj02.pdf [18]
Links:
[1] http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/HIV-AIDS
[2] http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Hepatitis_C
[3] http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Syringe_Exchange
[4] http://www.drugwarfacts.org/cms/Safe_Injection
[5] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf
[6] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf
[7] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf
[8] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf
[9] http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/statistics_2011_HIV_Surveillance_Report_vol_23.pdf
[10] http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6147a5.htm?s_cid=mm6147a5_w
[11] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf
[12] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf
[13] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_06.pdf
[14] http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=954
[15] http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivp10.pdf
[16] http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr55/nvsr55_10.pdf
[17] http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivpj02.pdf
[18] http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/hivpj02.pdf
[19] http://drugwarfacts.org/cms/HIV-AIDS
[20] http://drugwarfacts.org/cms/Race_and_Prison